动词不定式的10大考试知识点例析(初中英语语法)
动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语考试试题的考试知识点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，无人称和数的变化，不可以单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具备两大特征：
1.具备动词的特征，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。
2.具备名词、形容词或副词的特征，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语考试试题为例，对不定式的难题与它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和剖析，供同学们学习时参考。
1、动词不定式作主语
1. Its our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃)
2. Its hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工大家一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京海淀区)
4. Its very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽)
Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B
[简析]动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语地方，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真的的主语(不定式)置于后面。容易见到的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这类形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
2、动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西)
2. Dont forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南)
Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D
[简析]在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。假如其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真的宾语的不定式放到后面。
? 3、动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏)
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃)
Key： 1. B 2. C
[简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。
4、动词不定式作状语
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川)
Key： 1. A 2. C
[简析]go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
3. Im sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北)
4. Im sorry ______ you.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林)
5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃)
Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A
[简析]be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示缘由或方法。
6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)
The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东)
7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)
The ice on the lake wasnt ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东)
Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on
[简析]在上述too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不可以)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。
??? 5、动词不定式作定语
1. Would you like something ______?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北)
2. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南)
3. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东)
Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D
[简析]不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词汇之后，与被修饰的词汇为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;假如不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词等于及物动词。
6、不带to的动词不定式
1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南)
2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林)
3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better ______.
A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西)
4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州)
Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
[简析]1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没被动语态)。
2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。
??? 7、动词不定式的否定形式
1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.
A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)
2. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北)
3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.
A. have， not to be B. have， not be
C. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)
Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C
[简析]动词不定式的否定形式一般是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，若是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
8、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式有什么区别
1. Please sTOP ______ a rest if you feel tired.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)
2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?
Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北)
3. Lets have a rest, shall we?
Not now, I cant sTOP ______ the letters.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北)
4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to sTOP ______ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川)
Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking
[简析]一些容易见到的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式有什么区别如下：sTOP to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，sTOP doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。
5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建)
6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.
A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江)
Key： 5. B 6. A
[简析]在see， hear， watch， feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚没有结束)。
??? 9、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留
1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?
A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江)
2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
______. What time are we going to meet?
A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im glad C. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连)
Keys： 1. D 2. C
[简析]在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但to不可省略。这种使用方法容易见到于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等结构中。
10、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式
The new hospital ______ is near the factory.
A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海)
Key： D
[简析]当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be +过去分词;假如不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +过去分词;假如不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be +目前分词
